And an up-to-date inventory provides data to your change control process. A real-time map helps in spotting unauthorized devices and connections. Maintaining a network inventory. Auto-discovering the devices and hosts on your network helps you identify critical infrastructure and dependencies.Modern network monitoring and traffic analysis applications have built-in facilities for summarizing and interpreting the data, to provide automated assistance for many different tasks. The information gathered by these methods is detailed and complex, and, unless your network is quite small, voluminous. You can configure such a device to send alerts over the network to a designated collector when certain events occur (eg via SNMP traps) and/or you can configure the device so that it rolls up metrics data and regularly pushes it to a designated collector (eg via NetFlow or sFlow). (4) Subscribing to ongoing summaries of activity and event notifications. Some devices (and hosts) have facilities that will observe events for you, and send you updates. For instance, windump ( tcpdump) and the graphical tool WireShark collect and display packets passing by an interface. (1) Listening in (passive monitoring). The tool can watch packets passing by on the wire or through the air. We’ll illustrate these with screenshots from command line tools. There are four main ways for tools to gather information from your network. If your network is growing larger or more complex, you may need network monitoring and traffic analysis tools. If you’re responsible for keeping the network up and performing well, it can’t be a black box to you – you need visibility. The lights on the boxes shine and blink, and even if you know what they mean they provide minimal information. What’s going on inside your network is a black box to the average person. If traffic is slow or backed up, you can usually see the problem – an accident, road construction, a failed traffic light, etc. Personal vehicles come and go delivery trucks arrive, drop off items (or pick them up), and leave. With the street traffic outside your location, it’s usually obvious what’s going on. Uh oh – is there something funny going on? Why can’t I get to Google? Why is the network slow? Did that server just go down? Is that old switch failing?
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